广州地区3种睡莲花开放的日变化规律分析

为了解睡莲属(Nymphaea)植物开花的日变化规律,以广州华南农业大学湿地公园的睡莲属植物为对象进行观察和分析。结果显示,晚上开花类的热带睡莲,其日变化是花朵于晚上开放并持续至第二天上午,白天开花类的热带睡莲和耐寒睡莲,其开放时间为白昼,开放时间因种类不同而有所差异。白天开花的热带睡莲‘独立’(Nymphaea‘Independence’)和耐寒睡莲‘科罗拉多’(Nymphaea‘Colorado’)单朵花期3~4 d,耐寒睡莲墨西哥黄睡莲(N.mexicana)单朵花期2 d,雌雄蕊先后成熟以达到异花授粉的目的,单朵睡莲开放期间雄蕊群呈现不同形态。‘独立’睡莲呈现日出而开,日落则合的开花生物钟,10月至12月,光照时间缩短导致‘独立’睡莲开闭节律缩短。观察结果可为园林水景中睡莲属植物配置提供准确的数据支持。

Diurnal Variation of Three Kinds of Water Lily Flowers in Guangzhou

To understand the daily variation of Nymphaea flowering, this paper investigated and recorded the flowering process of Nymphaea plants on campus’ wetland park in Guangzhou. The results showed that the daily variation of the tropical water lilies flowering at night was the flowers opened at night and continued to the next morning, while the tropical water lilies and hardy water lilies flowering during the daytime, and the flowering time varies depending on the species. Tropical water lily Nymphaea ‘Independence’ and hardy water lily Nymphaea ‘Colorado’ flowering during the daytime, their single flowering period was 3-4 d; N. mexicana, a hardy water lily, its single flowering period was 2 d. The male and female stamens matured successively to achieve cross-pollination, which resulted in different forms of stamens during flowering of water lilies. From October to December, flowering clock of Nymphaea ‘Independence’ was that opens at sunrise and closes at sunset, the shortened photoperiod resulted in the shortened open and close rhythm of the Nymphaea ‘Independence’. The results provided accurate data support for the selection and configuration of Nymphaea in garden water features.