The Evolution of Histidine Biosynthesis in Archaea: Insights into the <Emphasis Type="Italic">his</Emphasis> Genes Structure and Organization in LUCA |
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Authors: | Marco Fondi Giovanni Emiliani Pietro Liò Simonetta Gribaldo Renato Fani |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Florence, Via Romana 17-19, 50125 Florence, Italy;(2) Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council, Via Biasi, 75, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy;(3) Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK;(4) Institut Pasteur, Department of Microbiology, BMGE Unit, Paris, France |
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Abstract: | The available sequences of genes encoding the enzymes associated with histidine biosynthesis suggest that this is an ancient
metabolic pathway that was assembled prior to the diversification of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Paralogous duplication,
gene elongation, and fusion events of several different his genes have played a major role in shaping this biosynthetic route. We have analyzed the structure and organization of histidine
biosynthetic genes from 55 complete archaeal genomes and combined it with phylogenetic inference in order to investigate the
mechanisms responsible for the assembly of the his pathway and the origin of his operons. We show that a wide variety of different organizations of his genes exists in Archaea and that some his genes or entire his (sub-)operons have been likely transferred horizontally between Archaea and Bacteria. However, we show that, in most Archaea,
his genes are monofunctional (except for hisD) and scattered throughout the genome, suggesting that his operons might have been assembled multiple times during evolution and that in some cases they are the result of recent evolutionary
events. An evolutionary model for the structure and organization of his genes in LUCA is proposed. |
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