一级预防护理干预对特需病房冠心病高危患者的影响

目的:探讨特需病房冠心病高危患者一级预防的护理干预效果。方法:以2010年7月~2012年7月期间四川大学华西医院金卡医疗中心收住的104例冠心病高危患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和干预组两组各52例,分别实施常规护理和冠心病一级预防护理干预并随访1年,观察两组效果。结果:干预组干预后血压、血脂、血糖以及体重指数的全部指标值及各项指标达标人数和干预前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.001);除TG指标外,其他指标值以及各项指标达标人数和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.001)。对照组患除血压及血压达标人数和入院时比较有明显差异(P0.05或0.001),其余各项指标及达标人数均出入不大(P0.05)。两组随访1年,干预组发生冠心病3例,其他心血管事6例,发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对特需病房冠心病高危人群通过认知、行为、饮食、用药、心理等方面的护理干预进行冠心病的一级预防,患者血压、血脂、血糖及体重指数均得到了较好的控制。患者若能长期坚持执行预防措施,将大大降低冠心病的发病危险。

The Nursing Intervention Effect for Primary Prevention of Coronary HeartDisease in High-risk Patients at Special Ward

Objective:To investigate the effect of nursing intervention for primary prevention of coronary heart disease inhigh-risk patients at VIP ward.Methods:104 cases of high-risk patients with coronary heart disease which were admitted to Golden CardUnit of West China Hospital of Sichuan University during the period from July 2010 to July 2012 were selected as the research object,and the patients were randomly divided into control group and intervention group with 52 cases in each, nursing intervention in primaryprevention of coronary heart disease and routine nursing were implemented to two groups respectively, and followed up for 1 year. Then,the effect in the two groups was observed.Results:In intervention group, all the indicators value of blood pressure, blood lipid, bloodglucose and body mass index and cases of up to the standard after intervention were statistically different from pre-intervention (P<0.05or 0.001); except TG indicator, other indicators value and cases of up to the standard after intervention were statistically different fromcontrol group (P<0.05 or 0.001). While in control group, except blood pressure and cases of up to the standard was significant differentfrom pre-intervention (P<0.05 or 0.001), the rest of the index and cases of up to the standard had little change (P>0.05). Two groups''patients were followed up for 1 year, and there were 3 cases of coronary heart disease and 6 cases of other cardiovascular events inintervention group, the incidences of which were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:By using nursingintervention of primary prevention for coronary heart disease with high-risk population in Special Ward through cognitive, behavior, diet,medications and psychological, it obtained good control of blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose and body mass index. If patientscould be long-termadherence to performthe preventive measures, it will greatly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.