集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳氮库及酶活性的影响

为探明集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳库、氮库以及酶活性的影响,在浙江省临安市选取相邻的粗放经营毛竹林和集约经营毛竹林(经营年限为15年),测定表层(0～20 cm)与亚表层(20～40 cm)土壤不同形态碳氮和蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性.结果表明: 长期集约经营显著降低毛竹林土壤有机碳含量和储量,表层和亚表层土壤有机碳储量分别下降13.2%和18.0%;集约经营15年后,毛竹林表层和亚表层土壤水溶性碳、热水溶性碳、微生物生物量碳和易氧化碳含量均显著降低;与粗放经营毛竹林相比,集约经营毛竹林表层和亚表层土壤氮储量分别增加50.8%和36.6%;集约经营显著增加毛竹林土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,显著降低土壤水溶性氮和微生物生物量氮含量;集约经营15年后,毛竹林表层土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著下降,亚表层土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著下降,而其他酶活性均无显著变化.长期集约经营导致毛竹林土壤碳储量、活性碳库和微生物活性显著下降,在以后的经营过程中要注意化肥与有机肥配合使用,以保证毛竹林的可持续经营.

Effects of intensive management on soil C and N pools and soil enzyme activities in Moso bamboo plantations.

In order to elucidate the effects of intensive management on soil carbon pool, nitrogen pool, enzyme activities in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) plantations, we collected soil samples from the soil surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) layers in the adjacent Moso bamboo plantations with extensive and intensive managements in Sankou Township, Lin’an City, Zhejiang Province. We determined different forms of C, N and soil invertase, urease, catalase and acid phosphatase activities. The results showed that long-term intensive management of Moso bamboo plantations significantly decreased the content and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), with the SOC storage in the soil surface and subsurface layers decreased by 13.2% and 18.0%, respectively. After 15 years’ intensive management of Masoo bamboo plantations, the contents of soil water soluble carbon (WSOC), hot water soluble carbon (HWSOC), microbial carbon (MBC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) were significantly decreased in the soil surface and subsurface layers. The soil N storage in the soil surface and subsurface layers in intensively managed Moso bamboo plantations increased by 50.8% and 36.6%, respectively. Intensive management significantly increased the contents of nitrate-N (NO₃^--N) and ammonium-N (NH₄⁺-N), but decreased the contents of water-soluble nitrogen (WSON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). After 15 years’ intensive management of Masoo bamboo plantations, the soil invertase, urease, catalase and acid phosphatase activities in the soil surface layer were significantly decreased, the soil acid phosphatase activity in the soil subsurface layer were significantly decreased, and other enzyme activities in the soil subsurface layer did not change. In conclusion, long-term intensive management led to a significant decline of soil organic carbon storage, soil labile carbon and microbial activity in Moso bamboo plantations. Therefore, we should consider the use of organic fertilizer in the intensive mana-gement process for the sustainable management of Moso bamboo plantations in the future.