冷激对高温胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及花芽分化的影响

为了解苗期冷激锻炼对番茄幼苗生长和花芽分化的影响,试验采用人工气候箱模拟夏季设施高温环境,每天对番茄幼苗进行10 ℃、10 min的冷激锻炼,研究冷激处理对高温胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、叶片超微结构和花芽分化进程的影响,并观察定植后开花和坐果情况.结果表明：在4叶期经过冷激锻炼的番茄幼苗茎粗、壮苗指数分别比对照提高了7.2%和55.5%；经过冷激锻炼处理的番茄幼苗叶片中叶绿体和线粒体等细胞器形状及结构正常完整,一定程度上缓解了高温对番茄幼苗叶肉细胞超微结构的破坏;冷激锻炼显著提高了番茄幼苗早期花芽分化的分化进程,但随着苗龄的延长这种差异变得不显著.定植后经冷激处理的番茄幼苗第1、2穗果的坐果数和坐果率显著高于未经冷激处理.表明冷激锻炼不仅能够缓解高温对番茄幼苗细胞超微结构的伤害和生长的胁迫,还有利于早期花芽分化进程的提前,提高番茄坐果数和坐果率.

Effects of cold-shock on the growth and flower bud differentiation of tomato seedlings under high temperature stress.

In order to explore the effects of cold-shock on the growth and flower bud differentiation of tomato seedlings under high temperature, tomato seedlings were subjected to cold shock treatments every day with 10 ℃ for 10 minutes in an artificial climate chamber. Tomato seedlings were treated with cold-shock at the first true leaf stage and the treatment lasted for 15 days. Tomato seedlings without cold-shock were used as control. At the fourth true leaf period of tomato seedlings, five plants were randomly sampled and the growth characteristics and the ultrastructure changes of mesophyll cell of tomato seedlings were examined. The flower bud differentiation process of tomato seedlings was observed at the periods of the second, fourth and sixth true leaves respectively. Flowering and fruiting of tomato seedlings were also investigated after transplanting. The results showed that the stem diameter and health index of tomato seedlings with cold-shock were enhanced by 7.2% and 55.5% compared with seedlings without cold-shock. Mesophyll cells of the seedlings with cold-shock arranged loosely and various organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria were morphologically integrated, while chloroplasts and mitochondria of seedlings mesophyll cells without cold-shock swelled up and thylakoids vacuolized apparently. The flower bud differentiation process of seedlings with cold-shock could be advanced significantly at the early seedling stage compared with the control and the advancement was weakened with the seedling growing. Fruit set number and percentage on the first and second inflorescence of tomato plants transplanted by seedlings with cold-shock were enhanced significantly compared with those of the control. These results indicated that the injury of membrane structure of various organelles, especially chloroplast and mitochondria could be alleviated by cold-shock treatment under high temperature tress. Cold-shock treatment could not only improve the seedling growth under high temperature stress, but also advance the process of early flower bud differentiation and improve the fruit set.