新疆冬小麦籽粒灌浆和品质性状对滴灌用水量的响应

为给滴灌冬小麦节水高产优质栽培提供科学依据,于2012—2013和2013—2014年连续两个冬小麦生长季,以‘新冬22号’为试验材料,在大田滴灌条件下,设置了灌水量为3150、3900、4650、5400和0 m³·hm^-2共5个处理(分别用W₁、W₂、W₃、W₄和CK表示),研究了不同滴灌量对冬小麦籽粒灌浆及品质性状的影响.结果表明: 不同处理滴灌冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性呈“S”型变化曲线,均符合Logistic生长函数模型,且拟合度较高;籽粒灌浆快增期出现在花后12~20 d,最大灌浆速率(V_m)随滴灌量的增加呈“先增后降”的变化趋势,且两年均以W₃处理最大,分别为2.16和2.59 g·d^-1.随着滴灌量的增加,籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、出粉率、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间、弱化度及面团拉伸阻力和拉伸比均呈“先增后降”的变化趋势,均在W₃处理下达到最高;而面团吸水率和延伸度则呈“先降后增”的变化趋势,在W₃处理最低;沉降值逐渐增大,面团形成时间逐渐变短;籽粒产量均以W₃处理最高,为8913(2013年)和8602 kg·hm^-2(2014年),分别较同年W₁、W₂、W₄、CK高25.0%、14.8%、4.4%、35.6%和12.4%、2.8%、1.1%、33.0%.综上,在本试验条件下冬小麦滴灌量在4650 m³·hm^-2时可达到高产和优质的统一.

Response of grain-filling properties and quality of winter wheat to drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China

To provide theoretical basis for the water-saving, high-yield and good quality cultivation techniques of drip-irrigated winter wheat, the wheat cultivar ‘Xindong 22’ was adopted as the test material, and five irrigation amounts including 3150 (W₁), 3900 (W₂), 4650 (W₃), 5400 (W₄) and 0 (CK) m³·hm^-2 were adopted to investigate effects of drip irrigation amount on grain filling dynamics and quality traits in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 wheat growing seasons in Xinjiang. Results indicated that the grain-filling dynamics of drip-irrigated winter wheat in different treatments presented the “S” shape curve, and accorded with the Logistic model with high fitting degree. The fast increase period of wheat grain-filling was measured at 12-20 days after anthesis. The maximum filling rate (V_m) increased at first and decreased later with the increase of drip irrigation amount, and was obtained in the treatment W₃ in the two seasons, which was 2.16 g·d ^-1and 2.59 g·d ^-1, respectively. With the increase in drip irrigation amount, the bulk mass, protein content, flour extraction rate, wet gluten content, dough stability time, degree of softening, dough extension resis-tance and draw ratio of the drip-irrigated wheat firstly increased and decreased later, and the maxima of these indexes were measured in W₃. However, the water absorption rate and extensibility of dough initially decreased and then increased, and the minimum was obtained in the treatment of W₃. The sedimentation value increased gradually and the dough development time decreased progressively. Treatment W₃ had the highest grain yield of 8913 kg·hm^-2 in 2013 and 8602 kg·hm^-2 in 2014, which was 25.0%, 14.8%, 4.4%, 35.6% and 12.4%, 2.8%, 1.1%, 33.0% higher than the treatments of W₁, W₂, W₄ and CK in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In conclusion, drip irrigation of 4650 m³·hm^-2 during the whole growing season of winter wheat could realize the target of high-yield and good quality in local natural condition.