垃圾填埋场N2O排放通量及测定方法研究进展

氧化亚氮(N₂O)是第三大温室气体和最主要的臭氧层破坏气体.填埋是目前城市生活垃圾处理处置的主要方式,而垃圾填埋场是N₂O的排放源之一.实验室研究和现场测定均表明,生活垃圾填埋场可以有高的N₂O释放通量,但不同填埋场测定数据差异很大.目前,对生活垃圾填埋场N₂O排放量的原位准确测定以及排放机理和重要性的认识仍有很多不足.本文概述了生活垃圾填埋场N₂O排放研究现状,从垃圾堆体和覆土层两部分探讨了传统厌氧卫生填埋场的N₂O产生和排放机理,并就此对新型脱氮型生物反应器填埋场做了相应探讨.最后,就静态箱法、涡度相关法等N₂O通量测定方法在填埋场的适用性进行了讨论,并展望了填埋场N₂O排放的研究方向.

Nitrous oxide emissions from municipal solid waste landfills and its measuring methodology: A review.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is one of three major greenhouse gases and the dominant ozone depleting substance. Landfilling is the major approach for the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), while MSW landfills can be an important anthropogenic source for N₂O emissions. Measurements at lab scale and full scale landfills have demonstrated that N₂O can be emitted in substantial amounts in MSW landfills; however, a large variation in reported emission values exists. Currently, the mechanisms of N₂O production and emission in landfills and its contribution to global warming are still lack of sufficient studies. Meanwhile, obtaining reliable N₂O fluxes data in landfills remains a question with existing in situ measurement techniques. This paper summarized relevant literature data on this issue and analyzed the potential production and emission mechanisms of N₂O in traditional anaerobic sanitary landfill by dividing it into the MSW buried and the cover soil. The corresponding mechanisms in nitrogen removal bioreactor landfills were analyzed. Finally, the applicability of existing in situ approaches measuring N₂O fluxes in landfills, such as chamber and micrometeorological methods, was discussed and areas in which further research concerning N₂O emissions in landfills was urgently required were proposed as well.