云南省烤烟需水量及灌溉需求指数的时空特征

基于云南省124个农业气象站点1977—2010年逐日气象数据，采用FAO推荐的Penman Monteith公式，计算不同时空条件下云南省烤烟生育期的需水量和灌溉需求指数，分析云南省烤烟需水量和灌溉需求指数的时空特征和变化规律.结果表明： 研究期间，云南省烤烟伸根期、旺长期、成熟期和大田生育期需水量分别为76.73～174.73、247.50～386.64、180.28～258.14和528.18～764.08 mm，以旺长期需水量最高；平均灌溉需求指数分别为-0.02、0.38、0.17和0.26，伸根期有效降雨量可以满足烤烟需求.云南省烤烟需水量呈逐年减少趋势，各生育期需水量气候变化趋势分别为-12.42、-21.46、-7.17和-47.15 mm·(10 a)^-1.各生育期及大田生育期灌溉需求指数最小的地区为德宏，最大的为迪庆；大田生育期灌溉需求指数是负值的3个地区为德宏、西双版纳和普洱.参考作物蒸散量、需水量和有效降水量随纬度的升高而减少，而灌溉需水量和灌溉需求指数却随纬度的升高而加强；有效降水量随海拔的升高而减少，灌溉需水量和灌溉需求指数随海拔的升高而增加.

Spatial and temporal characteristics of flue-cured tobacco water requirement and irrigation requirement index in Yunnan Province,China.

Based on the daily meteorological data of 124 agricultural meteorological sites during 1977-2010 in Yunnan Province, using recommended Penman Monteith formula by FAO, water requirement and irrigation requirement index in the growth period of flue cured tobacco were calcula ted to analyze their spatial and temporal characteristics and change patterns. The results showed that water requirements of flue cured tobacco in root extending, vigorous, mature periods and field growth period during 1977-2010 were 76.73-174.73, 247.50-386.64, 180.28-258.14 and 528.18-764.08 mm, respectively, and the water requirement of vigorous period was the highest. The ave rage irrigation demand index of each period was -0.02, 0.38, 0.17 and 0.26, respectively. Effective precipitation could meet the demand of flue cured tobacco in root extending period. Water requirement of flue cured tobacco in Yunnan Province decreased annually, and the rates of water requirement under the climate change trend in the four periods abovementioned were -12.42, -21.46, -7.17 and -47.15 mm·(10 a)^-1, respectively. The smallest irrigation demand index was observed in Dehong, and the largest in Diqing. The irrigation demand indexes of Dehong, Xishuangbanna and Puer regions were negative in flue cured tobacco field growth period. The refe rence crop evapotranspiration, water requirement and effective precipitation decreased, but the irrigation requirement and irrigation requirement index increased with the increase of latitude. The effective precipitation decreased, but the irrigation requirement and irrigation requirement index increased with the increase of altitude.