减氮-秸秆还田及双氰胺施用对旱地雨养区冬小麦产量和氮平衡的影响

通过在陕西杨凌进行的3年田间试验研究了减氮+秸秆还田以及添加双氰胺(DCD)对旱地雨养区冬小麦-夏休闲种植模式小麦产量和氮平衡的影响.试验共设置不施氮肥(CK)、施氮220 kg·hm^-2+秸秆不还田(FP)、施氮150 kg·hm^-2+秸秆还田(OPT)和施氮150 kg·hm^-2+秸秆还田+7.5 kg·hm^-2双氰胺(OPT+DCD)4个处理.结果表明:与FP相比,OPT处理产量略降低,但差异不显著,而氮肥利用率增加6.1%,氮肥表观损失率减小7.2%; OPT+DCD处理小麦产量和氮肥利用率均最高,且氮肥表观损失率最低,3年平均产量分别比OPT和FP高10.4%和7.9%,氮肥利用率高20.8%和28.1%,氮肥表观损失率减少8.5%和15.1%.施肥40~45 d内,添加DCD可以提高表层土壤NH₄⁺-N的含量,减少NO₃^--N的累积.

Effects of reducing N,straw returning and dicyandiamide application on winter wheat yield and nitrogen budgets in rain-fed region.

In a 3-year field experiment, effects of reducing N fertilizer, straw returning and dicyandiamide (DCD) application on wheat yield and nitrogen budgets under wheat-fallow system were studied in rain-fed region. The experiment was carried out in Yangling of Shaanxi Province, and 4 treatments were installed including no nitrogen (CK), 220 kg N·hm^-2 and no straw returning (FP), 150 kg N·hm^-2 and straw returning (OPT), 150 kg N·hm^-2, 7.5 kg·hm^-2 DCD and straw returning (OPT+DCD). The results showed there was no remarkable difference for wheat yield between OPT and FP, but the N use efficiency of the former was 6.1% more than that of the latter, and the apparent N loss ratio was 7.2% less. OPT+DCD increased the average yield of winter wheat by 10.4% and 7.9% respectively compared to OPT and FP, the N use efficiency of winter wheat increased by 20.8% and 28.1%, and the apparent N loss ratio decreased by 8.5% and 15.1%, respectively. NH₄⁺-N content in 0-20 cm of soil increased, accordingly the NO₃^--N content decreased in 40 to 45 days when DCD was applied.