武汉城市圈生态系统服务价值时空变化特征

基于武汉城市圈1990、2000和2009年3期土地利用矢量数据,参照“中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量”,采用Costanza等提出的生态系统服务价值计算公式,估算武汉城市圈不同地域的生态系统服务价值,分析期间的时序变化和空间分异特征;并采用相关分析方法,探讨了武汉城市圈生态系统服务价值与不同土地利用类型变化之间的关联特征.结果表明: 得益于水域面积的大幅增长,1990—2009年武汉城市圈生态系统服务价值总体呈不断上涨的时序变化趋势,增幅达9.5%,其中,水文调节、废物处理等服务价值的增幅明显;各地区变化存在明显的差异,仙桃市、新洲区、云梦县等地的增长最显著.生态系统服务价值在空间上总体呈东南高、西北低的分布格局,且随时间推移，在东、西、北方向逐步形成以武汉市区为中心的“低-高-低”层级分布特征,北部山地丘陵地区的生态优势逐步消减,而南部的高价值组团到2009年发生了结构性扩张.研究区生态系统服务价值的时序变化与林地、水域、草地、耕地的面积变化呈正相关,而其空间分布的均衡性与耕地和未利用地的空间离散程度呈负相关.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecosystem service value in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration.

Based on the land use vector data of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration in the years 1990, 2000 and 2009, this paper used Costanza’s evaluation formula to estimate the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the study area according to “equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services in China” and analyze its spatio-temporal characteristics. Then the correlation analysis was applied to explore the association between the ESV evolution and the land use changes. The results showed that due to the substantial growth of water area, the ESV of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration increased by 9.5% during the study period, which showed an overall rising trend. The ESV of water regulation and waste treatment increased obviously. Furthermore, the ESV changes showed obvious regional differences, which were most significant in Xiantao, Xinzhou and Yunmeng. The ESV was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. Over time, a Wuhan centered “low-high-low” hierarchically distributed structure of ESV was formed in the eastern, western and northern parts. The ecologic dominance of the northern mountainous and hilly region was gradually abated, while a structural expansion with a high ESV cluster had taken place in the southern part of the region in 2009. During the research period, the temporal change of ESV in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration was positively correlated with the area changes of forestland, water, grassland and cultivated land. However, the spatially balanced distribution of ESV was negatively correlated with the dispersion degrees of the cultivated land and unused land.