种子预处理的作用机制研究进展

种子在自然和农业生态系统中起重要作用,其发芽成苗对于植物物种生存繁衍具有决定性作用,但由于老化、休眠及生境恶化等问题经常导致其活力严重受损,所以探索提高种子萌发质量的方法具有深远的经济和生态意义.基于国内外最新研究,种子预处理是使植物优质、多抗、高产最实用有效的方法.本文综述了近年来的种子预处理技术及其生理生化响应,包括基因表达、细胞学效应、酶系统活性、物质能量代谢、抗氧化机制及信号传导途径.从种子发芽的不同阶段和提高抗逆性角度,阐明各预处理方法的作用机制,总结了各方法在细胞学、分子水平上的研究瓶颈以及实践应用上存在的问题.目前研究多集中于生化改变和酶活性的局部响应,缺乏以生产实践为目的的整体系统研究,为此,本文提出了对种子预处理研究的展望,旨在为今后种质资源保存、发展绿色高效农业和生态环境建设提供科学参考.

Advances in research on mechanisms of seed pre-treatments.

Seeds play a vital role in nature and agro-ecosystems. The success of seed germination and the establishment of a normal seedling determine the propagation and survival of a plant species, but seed vigor is often seriously damaged because of seed aging, dormancy and the deterioration of natural habitat. Thus, exploring methods for improving germination quality is of great significance to ecology and the economy. Based on the latest international reports, seed pre-treatments are the most practical and effective methods for improving plant performance, increasing yields and enhancing stress resistance. This review provided a summary of the current pre-sowing treatment technologies and the physiological and biochemical responses of plants to these methods by addressing gene expression, cytological effects, enzyme system activities, material and energy metabolism, antioxidation mechanisms and signal transduction pathways. We also interpreted the mechanisms of the seed pre-treatment methods from aspects of seed germination acceleration and stress resistance enhancement. The bottleneck in seed pre-treatments at the cytological and molecular levels and the problems involved in their application were also discussed. Thus far, most studies had largely focused on the partial reaction alterations of plant biochemistry and enzyme activities, and they had generally been characterized by a lack of systematic and holistic study for applications to crop production. Finally, we proposed an outlook for further study in an attempt to provide a prospective and scientific reference for plant germplasm conservation, high-efficiency organic agriculture development and ecological environment re-construction.