Parental energy expenditure of the male three-spined stickleback |
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| Authors: | C Smith R J Wootton ‡ |
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| Institution: | School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary &Westfield College, University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.;Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, U.K. |
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| Abstract: | The energy expenditure of male three-spined sticklebacks performing parental care was 12·3 and 9·9 J g−1 h−1 estimated by respirometry and ration manipulation, respectively. The energy expenditure of caring male sticklebacks was significantly higher than for non-caring males. |
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| Keywords: | Gasterosteus aculeatus parental expenditure parental care costs |
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