The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mother milk: A global systematic review,meta-analysis and health risk assessment of infants |
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Authors: | Shima Khanverdiluo Elaheh Talebi-Ghane Ali Heshmati Fereshteh mehri |
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Affiliation: | 1. Food and drug administration, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan, Iran;2. PhD in Biostatistics, Modeling of noncommunicable disease research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan, Iran;3. Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran;4. Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran |
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Abstract: | BackgroundBio-monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminants in mother milk is essential to keep mothers and infants healthy against potential risks. The current study assesses the concentration of PAHs in mother milk through a meta-analytic and systematic review approach.MethodsAll the published studies up to December 2020 regarding the concentrations of various PAHs in mother milk were searched throughout major international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Moreover, the possible carcinogenic and mutagenic risks to infants were evaluated based on the BaP (benzo[a]pyrenee) equivalent dose.ResultsAccording to the results of 13 articles included among 936 retrieved studies, the lowest and highest concentration of PAHs was (0.125 ng/g) and (76.36 ng/g) related to benz(a)anthracenem and 1-methylnaphthalene, respectively. The highest (9.830 ng/g) and lowest (0.009 ng/g) concentration of PAHs was related to Mexico and Japan, respectively. Besides, carcinogenetic and mutagenic risk assessment of the PAHs indicated that risk pattern was different across countries. It can be concluded that the consumption of mother milk is safe and does not pose a risk due to the ingestion of PAHs to the health of infant consumers. |
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Keywords: | Mother milk Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Meta-analysis Systematic review Risk assessment |
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