Incorporation of bacterial peptidoglycan constituents into macrophage lipids during phagocytosis

It has previously been established that several glycopeptides of peptidoglycan origin are formed as a result of processing of Bacillus subtilis cell walls by the macrophage-like cell line RAW264. Although the formation of these glycopeptides could account for the humoral immune responses characteristic of bacterial peptidoglycans, their formation does not account for the cellular-mediated immune responses observed for water-in-oil emulsions of peptidoglycan or for lipophilic derivatives of glycopeptide fragments thereof. Therefore, the processing of peptidoglycan by macrophages was reexamined to establish whether the lipophilic derivative of any peptidoglycan-derived glycopeptide was formed. The experiments were performed by incubating B. subtilis cell walls radiolabeled in muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid residues in the presence of the macrophage-like cell line RAW264. The crude lipid fraction derived from the macrophages was further fractionated and analyzed, revealing the presence of two lipophilic glycopeptides that contained glucosamine, muramic acid, and alanine of bacterial origin.