Myxinidin, A Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Epidermal Mucus of Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L. |
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Authors: | Sangeetha Subramanian Neil W Ross Shawna L MacKinnon |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,, B3H 3Z1;(2) Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,, B3H 4J1;(3) Industrial Research Assistance Program, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,, B3H 3Z1; |
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Abstract: | Fish epidermal mucus contains innate immune components that provide a first line of defense against various infectious pathogens.
This study reports the bioassay-guided fractionation and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide, myxinidin, from
the acidic epidermal mucus extract of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L.). Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed that myxinidin consists of 12 amino acids and has a molecular mass of
1,327.68 Da. Myxinidin showed activity against a broad range of bacteria and yeast pathogens at minimum bactericidal concentration
(MBC) ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 μg/mL. Screened pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium C610, Escherichia coli D31, Aeromonas salmonicida A449, Yersinia ruckeri 96-4, and Listonella anguillarum 02-11 were found to be highly sensitive to myxinidin at the MBC of 1.0–2.5 μg/mL; Staphylococcus epidermis C621 and yeast (Candida albicans C627) had an MBC of 10.0 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of myxinidin was found to be two to 16 times more active than
a potent fish-derived antimicrobial peptide, pleurocidin (NRC-17), against most of the screened pathogens. The microbicidal
activity of myxinidin was retained in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) at concentrations up to 0.3 M and had no hemolytic
activity against mammalian red blood cells. These results suggest that myxinidin may have potential applications in fish and
human therapeutics. |
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