A conspectus of the Cladocera of the subterranean waters of the world |
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Authors: | Henri J. Dumont Stefan Negrea |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Animal Ecology, University of Ghent, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;(2) Institut de Spéologie Emile Racovitza, Frumoasa 11, 78114 Bucuresti, Romania |
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Abstract: | A synthesis of current knowledge of the Cladocera living in non-surface waters is provided. For all 94 species and subspecies recorded (Dec. 1994) we give information on their ranges, ecological characteristics, and a review of literature data. We also give a historic survey of the development of concepts, identify categories among groundwater-dwelling species, and discuss their adaptations and the evolutionary lines present. Of the estimated total of c. 450 non-marine Cladocera of the world, c. 20% may occur in underground aquatic habitats, but true groundwater forms (stygobionts or stygobites) are relatively few, possibly not more than 10 species (c. 2.5% of the total). This number may increase, as attention is given to subterranean habitats outside Europe. |
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Keywords: | subterranean Cladocera history ecology adaptation evolution biogeography |
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