意大利蜜蜂产浆性状10个微卫星位点的遗传分析

我国培育成功的世界上蜂王浆产量最高的蜂种（Ea）是从20世纪30年代引进我国的意大利蜜蜂（Eb）中选育的。采用10个微卫星位点对蜂王浆高产蜜蜂、原种意大利蜜蜂（Ee）和本地意大利蜜蜂进行研究，以探明由于人工选择和地理隔离造成的其分子进化上的一些特征。结果，10个微卫星位点在3个蜂种中共扩增到96个等位基因，其中有48个等位基因是不同的，表明10个微卫星位点在3个蜂种中的高度多态性，而且由于人工选择和地理隔离已造成3蜂种在遗传基础上的一些分化。3蜂种的多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0．57、0．50、0．57，杂合度分别为0．60、0．57、0．61，二者均无显著差异。遗传距离的分析结果显示，Ee和Eb（0．14）、Eb和Ea（0．16）之间的遗传距离较近，而Ea和Ee（0.25）之间的遗传距离较远。等位基因频率的分析结果表明，6个位点的7个等位基因的频率（A29的159bp、A24的100bp和104bp、A7的110bp、A43的126bp、A14的221bp和A113的221bp）以Ee、Eb、Ea的顺序递增，Ea的这7个等位基因频率分别显著高于Ee和Eb。同时4个位点的4个等位基因的频率（A24的106bp、A43的140bp；A113的215bp和A14的219bp）以Ea、Eb、Ee的Ⅲ页序下降，Ea在这4个位点的频率分别显著低于Eb和Ee。这些位点的等位基因可能与蜂王浆产量有关。

Microsatellite Analysis of Royal. Jelly Producing Traits of Italian Honeybee(Apis mellifera Liguatica)

Genetic variations at 10 microsatellite loci were surveyed to determine the evolutionary relationships and molecular characteristics of three different honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Italy and China,i.e.,native Italian(Ee),Chinese-Italian(Eb) and selected high royal jelly producing bees(Ea).A total of 96 alleles,an average of 9.6 alleles per locus,were scored in Ee,Eb and Ea bees at 10 loci.Out of which 48(5%) were different.This indicated a high degree of polymorphism and ever,some genetic differentiation among the three populations due to artificial selection and geographical isolation.The polymorphic information contents (PIC) and heterozyosity of the three populations at 10 loci were 0.57,0.50,0.57,and 0.60,0.57,0.61,for Ee,Eb,Ea populations respectively,neither of which were different.This indicated same gene diversity within the three populations.The genetic distance was shorter between Ee and Eb bees as well as between Eb and Ea bees.Whereas that between Ee and Eb bees was longer.Further analysis indicated that the allele frequency of seven alleles at six loci (159 bp at A29,100 bp and 104 bp at A24;110 bp at A7;126 bp at A43,221 bp at A14 and 221 bp at A113) increased going from Ee to Eb to Ea bees.Paired tests showed significant higher allele frequency between Ea and Eb bees,as well as between Ea and Eb bees.This indicates that these seven alleles are likely molecular markers of the high royal jelly producing bees.In addition,the allele frequency of four alleles at four loci (106 bp at A24,140 bp at A43;215 bp at A113 and 219 bp at A14) decreased going from Ea bees to Eb to Ee.Paired tests indicated significant lower allele frequency between Ea and Ee bees,as well as between Ea and Eb bees.Those four alleles may be the genetic markers for low royal jelly production.