日本蹄盖蕨配子体发育的研究

采用混和土培养日本蹄盖蕨(Athyrium niponicum)孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:孢子黑褐色,赤道面豆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝。播种7 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为向心型,配子体发育为铁线蕨型。丝状体7~11细胞时开始发育为片状体。播种14 d后发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。原叶体边缘可产生单细胞毛状体。播种后20 d左右精子器出现,精子器近圆球形,由3细胞组成。7 d后颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器3~5层细胞高。精卵受精后14 d左右即可观察到从原叶体上生成的幼胚。

Gametophyte Development of Athyrium niponicum

The spores of the Athyrium niponicum were cultured in the mixed soil. The spore germination and gametophyte development were observed and photographed under microscope. The result indicates that the spores are dark-brown, monolete, and bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germinate about one week after being sowed, the germination is of the Centripetal-type while the gametophyte development is of the Adiantum-type. The prothallial plates begin to form when the filaments are 7-11 cells long. The young prothalli develop in two weeks after being sowed and the mature prothalli are cordate. Unicellular hairs occur on the surface of the prothalli. The antheridia appear about 20 days after being sowed. They are like pellets and formed by three cells. The archegonia form one week later than that of the antheridia. The archegonial neck is 3-5 cells high at maturity. Young embryos growing from the prothalli can be observed about 2 weeks after fecundated.