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Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils and Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag.
Authors:Andrea Maxia  Danilo Falconieri  Alessandra Piras  Silvia Porcedda  Bruno Marongiu  Maria Assunta Frau  Maria J Gon?alves  Célia Cabral  Carlos Cavaleiro  Lígia Salgueiro
Institution:Dipartimento della Scienza della Vita e dell'Ambiente-Macrosezione di Botanica e Orto Botanico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant' Ignazio, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
Abstract:Aerial parts of Apium nodiflorum collected in Portugal and Italy were submitted to hydrodistillation; also a supercritical fluid extract was obtained from Italian plants. The extracts were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Both essential oils, obtained from Portuguese and Italian plants, posses high content of phenylpropanoids (51.6 vs. 70.8%); in the former, the percentage split in myristicin (29.1%) and dillapiol (22.5%), whereas in the latter, the total percentage is only of dillapiol (70.8%). The co-occurrence of myristicin and dillapiol is frequent because dillapiol results from enzymatic methoxylation of myristicin. Antimicrobial activity of phenylpropanoids has been patented, what suggest the potential of plants with high amounts of these compounds. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration, determined according to NCCLS, were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the essential oils against yeasts, Aspergillus species and dermatophytes. Essential oils exhibited higher antifungal activity than other Apiaceae against dermatophytes, with MIC ranging from 0.04 to 0.32?μl/ml. These results support the potential of A. nodiflorum oil in the treatment of dermatophytosis and candidosis.
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