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Exosomal circRNAs as novel cancer biomarkers: Challenges and opportunities
Authors:Shuai Wang  Yanhan Dong  Anjing Gong  Huimin Kong  Jinning Gao  Xiaodan Hao  Yongmei Liu  Zibo Wang  Yuqiao Fan  Chengyu Liu  Wenhua Xu
Affiliation:1.Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.;2.Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.;3.Department of Neurosurgery, The affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.;4.School Hospital, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
Abstract:Identifying high specificity and sensitivity biomarkers has always been the focus of research in the field of non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane that can be released by all types of cells, which contain a variety of proteins, lipids, and a variety of non-coding RNAs. Increasing research has shown that the lipid bilayer can effectively protect the nucleic acid in exosomes. In cancers, tumor cell-derived exosomal circRNAs can act on target cells or organs through the transport of exosomes, and then participate in the regulation of tumor development and metastasis. Since exosomes exist in various body fluids and circRNAs in exosomes exhibit high stability, exosomal circRNAs have the potential as biomarkers for early and minimally invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis judgment. In this review, we summarized circRNAs and their biological roles in cancers, with the emerging value biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, disease judgment, and prognosis observation. In addition, we briefly compared the advantages of exosomal circRNAs as biomarkers and the current obstacles in the exosome isolation technology, shed light to the future development of this technology.
Keywords:CircRNAs   exosomes   exosomal circRNAs   liquid biopsy   biomarkers
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