Genetic Divergence of Orangutan Subspecies (Pongo pygmaeus) |
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Authors: | Yun-wu Zhang Oliver A Ryder Ya-ping Zhang |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112, USA, US;(2) Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China, CN |
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Abstract: | Microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences were studied for the two subspecies of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), which are located in Borneo (P. p. pygmaeus) and Sumatra (P. p. abelii), respectively. Both subspecies possess marked genetic diversity. Genetic subdivision was identified within the Sumatran
orangutans. The genetic differentiation between the two subspecies is highly significant for ND5 region but not significant
for 16s rRNA or microsatellite data by exact tests, although F
ST
estimates are highly significant for these markers. Divergence time between the two subspecies is approximately 2.3 ± 0.5
million years ago (MYA) estimated from our data, much earlier than the isolation of their geological distribution. Neither
subspecies underwent a recent bottleneck, though the Sumatran subspecies might have experienced expansion approximately 82,000
years ago. The estimated effective population sizes for both subspecies are on the order of 104. Our results contribute additional information that may be interpreted in the context of orangutan conservation efforts.
Received: 13 June 2000 / Accepted: 30 January 2000 |
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Keywords: | : Orangutan — Genetic diversity — Genetic differentiation — mtDNA-Microsatellites |
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