Human axillary secretions influence women's menstrual cycles: The role of donor extract from men |
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| Authors: | Winnifred Berg Cutler George Preti Abba Krieger George R. Huggins Celso Ramon Garcia Henry J. Lawley |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Athena Institute for Women''s Wellness Research, 30 Coopertown Road, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041 USA;2. Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA;4. Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA;1. Department of Otolaryngology, Daejeon St. Mary''s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea;2. Department of Otolaryngology, Uijeongbu St. Mary''s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea;1. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-8540, Japan;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan;4. Department of Rehabilitation, Hirakata Kohsai Hospital, 1-2-1 Fujisakahigashi-machi Hirakata, Osaka 573-0153, Japan;1. University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy;2. Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK;1. Shandong Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250012, PR China;2. Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Menstrual cycle lengths of 29.5 +/- 3 days ("normal cycles") are more frequent in women who have weekly coital activity than in women who do not. In order to investigate potential mechanisms controlling the association between heterosexual activity and menstrual cycle length, and in light of the nonhuman literature suggesting that a chemical signal from males could be involved, menstrual cycle lengths of nulliparous women were evaluated following regular application of axillary extract from donor males. Compared to controls receiving only blank/ethanol applications, women receiving axillary extracts for 12.5 to 14.5 weeks showed the following changes: a reduced incidence in variability of cycle lengths; and a reduced proportion of aberrant length cycles. |
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