西双版纳热带植物园引种植物个体适应性研究

本研究通过比较引种植物和本土植物的生长状况，主要是果熟现象，讨论了引种植物对引种目的地的适应性。中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园，引种和保存了国内外万种以上的热带和亚热带植物，并对多种引种植物进行了长期连续生长监测。本文统计分析了其中观测4年以上的569个编号的引种植物生长适应状况。结果表明：1）引种植物基本适应植物园的环境，但是不同气候区来源的植物适应性表现不同，不同地区来源植物适应性顺序为：热带亚洲植物〉亚热带和热带北缘植物／热带非洲植物〉热带澳洲植物〉热带美洲植物；2）不同科属植物个体适应表现也有差别，无患子科，蝶形花科，楝科和紫葳科等的植物个体适应性和本土植物比较相似，而大戟科植物个体适应性和本土植物差异最大；3）分析表明引种植物对植物园的适应受到来源地气候和区系起源两个因素的影响；4）紫蒇科，桃金娘科和含羞草科的一些引种植物个体果熟年比高于本土植物，其入侵性有待于进一步入评估。

The Adaptability of Introduced Plants in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden

This study discusses the adaptability of introduced plant species to their target environment at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) by comparing the growth situation,especially fruit ripening of introduced plants and indigenous plants.Over 10,000 plant species from tropical and subtropical regions have been planted at XTBG,and many of these plants'growth situations have been continuously observed.In this paper,569 accessions which have been observed for more than four years are involved.The results show that:1) the introduced plants primarily adapt to the environment at XTBG.However,the plants from different climate regions show different adaptability.The adaptability order is:tropical Asia>northern edge of tropical Asia and subtropical area, tropical Africa>tropical Australia>tropical America.2) Different families and genera of introduced plants show different adaptability to the target environment too.Some introduced plants belonging to the families of Sapinaceae,Papilionaceae,Meliaceae and Bignoniaceae etc.adapt well to the target environment at XTBG,while some plants of Euphorbiaceae do not adapt well to the target environment.Some introduced plants of Bignoniaceae,Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae exhibit more frequent fruit ripening than the indigenous plants.Analyses show that the climate and flora of the origins of introduced plants are the major factors influencing the adaptability of the introduced plants to the target environment at XTBG.Further study needs to be done to assess the invasion of these plants.