Heavy ions, radioprotectors and genomic instability: implications for human space exploration |
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Authors: | Jaroslaw Dziegielewski Wilfried Goetz Janet E Baulch |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;(2) Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, BRB 7-009, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; |
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Abstract: | The risk associated with space radiation exposure is unique from terrestrial radiation exposures due to differences in radiation
quality, including linear energy transfer (LET). Both high- and low-LET radiations are capable of inducing genomic instability
in mammalian cells, and this instability is thought to be a driving force underlying radiation carcinogenesis. Unfortunately,
during space exploration, flight crews cannot entirely avoid radiation exposure. As a result, chemical and biological countermeasures
will be an important component of successful extended missions such as the exploration of Mars. There are currently several
radioprotective agents (radioprotectors) in use; however, scientists continue to search for ideal radioprotective compounds—safe
to use and effective in preventing and/or reducing acute and delayed effects of irradiation. This review discusses the agents
that are currently available or being evaluated for their potential as radioprotectors. Further, this review discusses some
implications of radioprotection for the induction and/or propagation of genomic instability in the progeny of irradiated cells. |
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