黄土高原半干旱区气候变化及其对马铃薯生长发育的影响

基于黄土高原半干旱区1988-2008年马铃薯生长发育定位观测资料、2007-2008年加密观测和1957-2008年地面气象观测资料，研究了气候变化对马铃薯生长发育的影响.结果表明：1957-2008年，研究区年降水量呈下降趋势，降水量变化曲线线性拟合倾向率为-13.359 mm·(10 a)^-1；年均气温呈上升趋势,年均气温变化曲线线性拟合倾向率为0.239 ℃·(10 a)^-1；作物生长季干燥指数呈显著上升趋势，干燥指数变化曲线线性拟合倾向率为0.102 ·(10 a)^-1.从播种后第96 天开始，马铃薯块茎由缓慢生长转为迅速生长，在播种后第110天，马铃薯块茎的生长速度达最大；从播种后第124 天开始，马铃薯块茎从迅速生长又转为缓慢生长.从播种至出苗期的间隔日数为每10年缩短1～2 d，花序形成至采收期和全生育期的间隔日数均为每10年延长9～10 d.气候变暖导致马铃薯生育前期的营养生长阶段缩短以及生殖生长阶段和全生育期延长.

Effects of climate change on potato growth in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau,China

Based on the 1988-2008 located observation and 2007-2008 encrypted observation of potato growth and the 1957-2008 meteorological observation in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau, this paper studied the effects of climate change on the potato growth in this region. In 1957-2008, the annual precipitation in this region had a descending trend, with a linear fitting rate of the annual precipitation change curves being -13.359 mm·(10 a)^-1, while the annual mean temperature displayed an ascending trend, with a linear fitting rate of the annual mean temperature change curves being 0.239 ℃·(10 a)^-1. During potato growth period, the aridity index displayed a marked ascending trend, and the linear fitting rate of the aridity index change curves was 0.102·(10 a)^-1. The growth rate of potato tuber became faster from the 96th day after sowing, reached the maximum on the 110th day, and turned slower from the 124th day. The interval from sowing to seedling emergence was shortened by 1-2 d·(10 a)^-1, and that from inflorescence formation to reaping and of whole growth period was lengthened by 9-10 d·(10 a)^-1. In the study region, climate warming shortened the vegetative growth stage, but lengthened the reproductive growth stage and whole growth period of potato.