Using next-generation sequencing for molecular reconstruction of past Arctic vegetation and climate |
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Authors: | Sønstebø J H Gielly L Brysting A K Elven R Edwards M Haile J Willerslev E Coissac E Rioux D Sannier J Taberlet P Brochmann C |
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Institution: | National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR UJF-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway School of Geography, University of Southampton, Room 2019 Shackleton Building, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Denmark Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. |
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Abstract: | Palaeoenvironments and former climates are typically inferred from pollen and macrofossil records. This approach is time-consuming and suffers from low taxonomic resolution and biased taxon sampling. Here, we test an alternative DNA-based approach utilizing the P6 loop in the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron; a short (13–158 bp) and variable region with highly conserved flanking sequences. For taxonomic reference, a whole trnL intron sequence database was constructed from recently collected material of 842 species, representing all widespread and/or ecologically important taxa of the species-poor arctic flora. The P6 loop alone allowed identification of all families, most genera (>75%) and one-third of the species, thus providing much higher taxonomic resolution than pollen records. The suitability of the P6 loop for analysis of samples containing degraded ancient DNA from a mixture of species is demonstrated by high-throughput parallel pyrosequencing of permafrost-preserved DNA and reconstruction of two plant communities from the last glacial period. Our approach opens new possibilities for DNA-based assessment of ancient as well as modern biodiversity of many groups of organisms using environmental samples. |
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Keywords: | ancient DNA Arctic Flora chloroplast climate change DNA barcoding sensu lato environmental sample |
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