Cold stored ectoparasitoid of Cydia fruit moths released under different temperature regimes |
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Authors: | Johanna Häckermann Anja S Rott Kathrin Tschudi-Rein Silvia Dorn |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Plant Sciences, Applied Entomology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;(2) SafeCrop, Center for Research and Development of Crop Protection with Low Environmental and Consumer Health Impact, c/o Institute of Plant Sciences, Applied Entomology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland |
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Abstract: | Cold storage of parasitoids to be used in biological control programs is desirable but risky for the performance of the stored
parental generation as well as for its offspring. We studied the performance of cold stored and unstored parasitoids after
release at different temperature regimes in the laboratory at the level of two subsequent generations in Hyssopus pallidus (Askew) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). This gregarious ectoparasitoid is a candidate biocontrol agent of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae, two fruit pests of high economic significance in apple cultivation. Cold storage
for 14 days at 4°C imposed to the pupal stage of the parasitoid did not reduce the parasitism capacity of the parental generation,
nor did it alter the female biased sex ratio of the progeny. Remarkably, this short-term storage of the parental generation
exhibited a significant and consistently positive effect on offspring weight throughout all ambient temperature regimes, resulting
in an increased offspring weight. Furthermore, offspring number was only reduced after release at low ambient temperatures,
but not at 25°C and 30°C. Irrespective of whether the parasitoids originated from the stored or unstored group, highest parasitism
rate was achieved at temperatures above 20°C. In conclusion, this candidate biocontrol agent can be cold stored for short
periods without any measurable quality loss after release at most except at low ambient temperatures. Our findings suggest
that H. pallidus is a thermophilous parasitoid that will perform best when applied at warm ambient temperatures in fruit orchards. |
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Keywords: | Biological control Cold storage Ambient temperature Hyssopus pallidus Cydia Parasitism Offspring fitness |
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