SmTRC1, a novel Schistosoma mansoni DNA transposon, discloses new families of animal and fungi transposons belonging to the CACTA superfamily |
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Authors: | Ricardo DeMarco Thiago M Venancio Sergio Verjovski-Almeida |
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Institution: | 1. Institut d'Embryologie, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine-EA3428, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France 2. Faculté des Sciences Dépt, d'Anthropologie Biologique, Antananarivo, Madagascar 3. Primate Genetics, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, G?ttingen, Germany 4. Gene Bank of Primates, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, G?ttingen, Germany 5. Cognitive Ethology, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, G?ttingen, Germany 6. Anthropological Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland 7. Faculté des Sciences de Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar 8. K?lnerstr, 88, 57368, Grevenbrück, Germany 9. Abt. Tier?kologie und Naturschutz, Biozentrum Grindel, Universit?t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 10. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, G?ttingen, Germany 11. Université de Mahajanga, Faculté des Sciences, Dépt., de Biologie Animale, Mahajanga 401, 652, B.P, Madagascar 12. von Freybergstr. 45, 87629, Füssen, Germany 13. Dept. of Cell Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany 14. Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany 15. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany 16. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History New York, 10024, New York, USA
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Abstract: | Background The number of species within the Malagasy genus Lepilemur and their phylogenetic relationships is disputed and controversial. In order to establish their evolutionary relationships, a comparative cytogenetic and molecular study was performed. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) from 68 individuals representing all eight sportive lemur species and most major populations, and compared the results with those obtained from cytogenetic studies derived from 99 specimens. Results Interspecific genetic variation, diagnostic characters and significantly supported phylogenetic relationships were obtained from the mitochondrial sequence data and are in agreement with cytogenetic information. The results confirm the distinctiveness of Lepilemur ankaranensis, L. dorsalis, L. edwardsi, L. leucopus, L. microdon, L. mustelinus, L. ruficaudatus and L. septentrionalis on species level. Additionally, within L. ruficaudatus large genetic differences were observed among different geographic populations. L. dorsalis from Sahamalaza Peninsula and from the Ambanja/Nosy Be region are paraphyletic, with the latter forming a sister group to L. ankaranensis. Conclusion Our results support the classification of the eight major sportive lemur taxa as independent species. Moreover, our data indicate further cryptic speciation events within L. ruficaudatus and L. dorsalis. Based on molecular data we propose to recognize the sportive lemur populations from north of the Tsiribihina River, south of the Betsiboka River, and from the Sahamalaza Peninsula, as distinct species. |
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