The relation of serum adiponectin and leptin levels to metabolic syndrome in women before and after the menopause

INTRODUCTION: It is well known that there is a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women. Recently it has become evident that adiponectin and leptin secreted by adipose tissue may be involved in the pathophysiology of MS. The aim of the study: was to assess the effects of the menopause on the relationships between adiponectin and leptin and different cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 56 postmenopausal women and 75 premenopausal subjects were enrolled in this study. We measured blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference and WHR, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL) levels and fasting glucose and applied the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Women were categorised as having 0, 1, 2, 3 or more risk factors. The presence of at least 3 abnormalities was defined as MS. Serum was assayed for adiponectin and leptin by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. RESULTS: A decline in adiponectin was related to an increased number of MS variables in postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with MS had significantly lower adiponectin concentrations than premenopausal women with MS. Serum adiponectin concentrations were inversely correlated to leptin in postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women no clear relationships were found between serum leptin and the number of metabolic disturbances. In contrast to young women, postmenopausal women showed an increase in leptin secretion with a growing number of MS elements. Compared to premenopausal women with MS, postmenopausal women with MS had higher levels of leptin. We found associations between leptin and different risk factors, mainly in the postmenopausal group. When the presence of MS was used as a dependent variable (yes/no) and adiponectin, leptin and menopause status as independent factors, adiponectin and leptin remained significant variables related to MS. CONCLUSION: The significant role of adiponectin in the pathophysiology of MS in premenopausal and postmenopausal women is confirmed in this study. Leptin is correlated with several MS components but this adipocytokine appears to play a role only in postmenopausal women.