Assessment of thermal dehydration using the human eye: What is the potential? |
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Authors: | Kurt J Sollanek Robert W Kenefick Neil P Walsh Matthew B Fortes Marieh Esmaeelpour Samuel N Cheuvront |
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Institution: | 1. US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA;2. Extremes Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK;3. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria;4. Centre of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
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Abstract: | Human hydration assessment is a key component for the prevention and proper treatment of heat-related fluid and electrolyte imbalances within military, sports and clinical medicine communities. Despite the availability of many different methods for assessing hydration status, the need for a valid method or technology that is simple, rapid, non-invasive, universal (detects both hypertonic and isotonic hypovolaemia) and is applicable for static (single point in time) and dynamic (change across time) hydration assessment is widely acknowledged. The eye is one candidate body region that might afford such a measure given the intricate balance between ocular dynamics (tear and aqueous humor formation) and blood (plasma osmolality and volume), which is considered the criterion measure for hydration assessment. The aim of this review is to introduce and discuss the potential for using ocular measurements for non-invasive hydration assessment, including tear fluid osmolarity (Tosm), non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and intraocular pressure (IOP). There is a relevant physiological basis for testing the merit of ocular measures for human hydration assessment and recent data indicate that Tosm and IOP may have utility. Further investigations are warranted to determine the degree to which ocular measures can act as accurate and reliable non-invasive hydration status markers. |
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Keywords: | Tosm Tear fluid osmolarity TBUT Tear break-up time NITBUT Noninvasive tear break-up time IOP Intraocular pressure |
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