离子平衡及其相关信号传导在细胞耐盐中的作用

盐胁迫所造成的毒害作用皆源自细胞中水平衡和离子平衡的破坏，因此可以推断对耐盐起关键作用的基因能恢复细胞内水和离子平衡。鉴于调渗物质的积累对提高细胞耐盐性所起作用有很大差异，其中一些在某些情况下甚至与耐盐无关，本文集中讨论与恢复细胞内离子平衡相关的基因调控及其信号级联系统。盐胁迫时，这些基因产物在相关信号级联系统的协调下，通过有效地降低细胞内Ｎａ＋ 的浓度，增加Ｋ＋ 的吸收，恢复Ｎａ＋ ／Ｋ＋ 比，使细胞获得相当的耐盐性 。

The Essential Role of Ion Homeostasis and Related Signal Cascade on Salt Tolerance in Cells

The toxicity of salt stress is originated from the disruption of water and ion homeostasis, so the essential genes for salt tolerance should be able to reconstruct the water and ion homeostasis in cells. Considering that the effect of osmolytes varies significantly and even does not correlate with halotolerance in some instances, this review focuses on those genes and cascades which can restore ion homeostasis in cells. Under salt stress, these genes function in certain cascades to restore Na\ /K\ ratio by decreasing the concentration of cellular Na\ and enhancing K\ uptake, hence promoting the salt tolerance of cells.