多种特殊染色法在骨关节炎组织形态学研究中的应用比较

目的探讨多种特殊染色法在骨关节组织中的染色规律及其在骨关节炎形态学研究中的应用价值。方法 6月龄健康新西兰大白兔20只,随机分为正常组和造模组各10只,根据改良Hulth法造模,6周后膝关节取材。对标本固定、脱钙后进行石蜡包埋和切片。分别采用HE、番红-固绿、AB-PAS、甲苯胺蓝、Van Gieson染色和Mallory染色,观察骨关节组织的形态学变化,并对几种染色方法进行比较。结果 HE染色显示关节一般组织形态结构,可见模型组关节软骨和软骨下骨发生骨性关节炎病理变化;番红-固绿染色法中软骨和软骨下骨的界限（黏合线）以及潮线显示清晰,软骨基质中糖胺聚糖含量减少,纤维成分增多;AB-PAS染色显示骨关节炎软骨基质糖胺聚糖尤其是酸性糖胺聚糖含量减少;甲苯胺蓝染色显示骨关节炎软骨的酸性糖胺聚糖减少;Van Gieson染色和Mallory染色可显示骨关节组织中的胶原纤维,但组织结构界限不够清晰。结论在骨性关节炎的组织形态学研究中,通过常规HE染色,结合番红-固绿染色法和AB-PAS染色法,能较客观全面地获得关节组织形态学相关信息。

Comparison of Several Special Stainings on Osteoarthritis Morphology

Objective To investigate the staining rule of several special staining methods on bone and joint staining and their value in morphological research of osteoarthritis.Methods 20 6-month old healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal group and osteoarthritis model group,10 in each group.The model rabbits were replicated into knee osteoarthritis model by modified Hulth method.The materials were drawn out 6 weeks after operation.The samples were fixed,decalcified,paraffin embedded and made into paraffin sections,then HE staining,Safranin-Fast Green staining,AB-PAS staining,toluidine blue staining,Van Gieson staining and Mallory staining were applied to observe the morphology of the tissue,and all of the staining methods were compared.Results HE staining showed normal tissue morphology of joints,pathological changes of osteoarthritis can be seen in articular cartilage and subchondral bone of model group;Safranin-Fast Green staining showed clear boundary of cartilage and subchondral bone（cement line）,and a clear tide line,the glycosaminoglycan in Cartilage matrix decreased and the fiber Increased;AB-PAS staining showed that glycosaminoglycan,especially the acid glycosaminoglycan reduced in osteoarthritis;toluidine blue staining showed the acid glycosaminoglycan reduced in the tissues of osteoarthritis;Van Gieson staining and Mallory staining showed collagen fibersof bone and joint tissues,but the boundaries of various tissues were not clear.Conclusion Application of HE staining,in combination with safranin-fast green staining and AB-PAS staining in osteoarthritis study may acquire more objective and comprehensive information on joint morphology.