植物花色形成及其调控机理

综述了植物花色的表现、起源与进化、功能及其调控机制。植物花色主要表现为单色、变色和杂色，是长期进化的结果，主要功能是指示传粉者和保护花器官。花色素主要包括类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和生物碱。花色素的存在及其变化是植物花色表现的化学机制，色素在花瓣中的空间分布及其对光的作用是花色表现的解剖学和光学机制，细胞液pH值、花发育阶段和植物激素是花色表现的植物生理学机制。传粉者、真菌侵染、机械损伤、园艺措施、光、温度、水分、矿质营养和糖等是影响花色的外部因素。花瓣彩斑主要由基因突变或病毒入侵而形成。

Formation and Regulation of Flower Color in Higher Plants

This paper summarizes the expression, origin, evolution, function and regulation of flower color in higher plants. The main expressions of flower with single color, changeable and motley, are resulted from a long period of evolution, its main function being to lure pollinators and protect the flower organs, especially petals. Flower pigments mainly consists of flavonoids, carotenoids and alkaloids. The chemical mechanism for the expression of flower color is the ratio of different type of pigments in petals; the anatomic and optical mechanism for the expression of flower color are the dimensional distribution of the pigments in petals and their effects on light; and the physiological mechanism are the pH of cell sap of petal, the developmental stage and the endogenous hormones of flower. External factors such as pollinators, fungal infection, mechanical damage, horticultural measures, light, temperature, water, mineral ions, and saccharides influence flower color. The variegation of petals originates chiefly from gene mutation and viral infection.