Immunologic biomarkers as correlates of clinical response to cancer immunotherapy |
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Authors: | Mary L Disis |
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Institution: | (1) Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 815 Mercer Street, 2nd Floor, Box 358050, Seattle, WA 98195-8050, USA |
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Abstract: | Over the last few years, several newly developed immune-based cancer therapies have been shown to induce clinical responses
in significant numbers of patients. As a result, there is a need to identify immune biomarkers capable of predicting clinical
response. If there were laboratory parameters that could define patients with improved disease outcomes after immunomodulation,
product development would accelerate, optimization of existing immune-based treatments would be facilitated and patient selection
for specific interventions might be optimized. Although there are no validated cancer immunologic biomarkers that are predictive
of clinical response currently in widespread use, there is much published literature that has informed investigators as to
which markers may be the most promising. Population-based studies of endogenous tumor immune infiltrates and gene expression
analyses have identified specific cell populations and phenotypes of immune cells that are most likely to mediate anti-tumor
immunity. Further, clinical trials of cancer vaccines and other cancer directed immunotherapy have identified candidate immunologic
biomarkers that are statistically associated with beneficial clinical outcomes after immune-based cancer therapies. Biomarkers
that measure the magnitude of the Type I immune response generated with immune therapy, epitope spreading, and autoimmunity
are readily detected in the peripheral blood and, in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy, have been associated with response
to treatment. |
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