高黎贡山土壤微生物的数量和多样性

本文从分解者亚系统水平，研究了高黎贡山海拔1000～3100m的不同植被下土壤中微生物的数量和多样性，对不同海拔高度、不同植被下的12份土壤样品，进行了微生物数量、真菌多样性及养分含量的测定，结果得出：细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和真菌多样性随海拔不同而变化，最高值出现在海拔2000m左右，其植被下土壤微生物的数量和多样性最高，随海拔升高或降低均呈下降趋势，在山底降到较低水平。土壤微生物随海拔高度的变化与生态因子呈现不同程度的相关性，其中，微生物的数量和多样性与气温、有机质之间的相关性最大，除细菌数量与气温、真菌数量与有机质外，都达到了显著的水平；与有效氮、土壤含水量之间的相关性次之；而与速效磷和速效钾的相关性较差。说明影响高黎贡山土壤微生物数量和多样性垂直分布的主要生态因子是气温、土壤有机质和有效氮含量、土壤含水量，现有土壤磷和钾含量的变化对土壤微生物数量和多样性的影响相对较小。

A study on quantity and diversity of soil microorganisms in Gaoligong Mountains

The quantity and diversity of soil microbe were studied in different vegetation types in GaoligongMountain,Yunnan.The quantities of microbes,diversity of fungi, and the amount of nutritions were examined in 12 soil samples, which were collected from different habitats with the elevation ranging from 1000 to3000 meters, The result showed that the quantities of bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, and diversity of fungivaried with elevation.The highest values occurred at the elevation of about 2000 meters, and they decreasedas the elevation increased or decreased.The lowest values appeared at bottom of the Mountains. The correlations between soil microbes and the ecological factors varied.The quantities and diversity of soil microbes weresignificantly correlated with temperature and organic matter except that there were no significant correlationsbetween the quantity of bacteria and temperature,as well as between quantity of fungi and organic mater. Incontrast, they correlated less with effective nitrogen and soil moisture conten, much less with quick actingphosphorus and quick acting potassium.The results indicate that the main ecological factors influencing thequantity and diversity of soil microbes were temperature,organic matter, effective nitrogen,and soil moisturecontent.