Cyanotoxin diversity and food web bioaccumulation in a reservoir with decreasing phosphorus concentrations and perennial cyanobacterial blooms |
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| Institution: | 1. Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre for Ecological Research in Dziekanów Leśny, Experimental Station in Lublin, Niecala 18/3, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-062 Lublin, Poland;3. Department of Physiology and Ecotoxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;1. Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain;2. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Portugal;3. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA;1. Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France;2. CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France;3. Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) and Mass Spectrometry Facility (UBP-START), BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 FRANCE;4. CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, FRANCE;1. Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Special Bureau for the Environment, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In a shallow multifunction dam reservoir, perennial water blooms formed by several toxin-producing cyanobacteria (Anabaena spp., Aphanizomenon spp., Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis spp.) were observed. Over a seven-year period, concomitantly with a gradual decrease in phosphate and total phosphorus concentrations in the water and an increase in the DIN to DIP ratio, a reduced biomass of cyanobacteria was noted. Simultaneously, a twofold increase in cyanobacterial species richness was found. The concentration of intracellular anatoxin-a was positively correlated with the total cyanobacterial biomass, but the concentration of intracellular microcystins was significantly negatively correlated with the level of phosphorus in the water. Therefore, in a period with a very low (2.3–3.6) DIN:DIP ratio, intracellular ANTX prevailed in the reservoir, while in the following years (at DIN:DIP = 23–36) much higher MC levels were noted. The highest total concentrations (22.2 μg L−1) of intracellular MCs (MC-LF > -LY > -LR > -LA = -LW) and ANTX (14.4 μg L−1) were found in 2010. In the following year, eight MC iso-forms were detected (MC-LF > -LY > -LA > -LR > -LW > -WR > -YR > -RR). The number of MC variants was positively correlated with the increased contribution of Anabaena planctonica/A. affinis and Microcystis spp. to cyanobacteria biomass. The indigenous bentho-pelagic fish Abramis brama L. accumulated in their tissues relatively high amounts of both ANTX (e.g. 6.2–18.4 μg g−1 FW of liver) and different variants of MCs (up to 4.4 μg g−1 FW of liver). Cyanotoxin tissue contents decreased in the following order: gills > liver > muscles. These observed strong changes in the species structure of cyanobacteria assemblages, even at their considerably smaller biomass, appeared to be an undesirable phenomenon due to the predominance of the efficient MC and ANTX producers, such as Anabaena spp., which is easily digested by fish. The variability of the profile of cyanobacterial blooms that depends on nutrient fluctuations and may account for the diverse toxin accumulation and tissue distribution in freshwater ichthyofauna is noteworthy, especially in water bodies used for fishery. |
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| Keywords: | Anatoxin-a Cyanobacteria Fish Microcystins Trophic transfer |
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