河道生态护坡关键技术及其生态功能

在上海4个生态河道示范区,开展了以生态修复和河岸侵蚀控制为目标的河道生态护坡技术研究。在不同河段分别采用了土壤生物工程护坡、全系列生态护坡以及复合式生物稳定等三类生态护坡技术。护坡工程完成后,以浦东新区机场镇生态河道示范区为重点,对主要护坡工程进行持续3a（2004~2006年）的生态监测,从坡岸的结构稳定性和生态稳定性两方面对护坡工程进行生态功能研究。3a来,护坡植物生长良好,新生枝叶和根系的护坡作用明显,土壤抗剪强度明显增加,河岸土壤侵蚀得到有效控制,坡岸的结构稳定性增强;同时河岸生境得到改善,本地植物快速恢复,生物多样性增加,河岸植物群落结构由单一结构向复杂结构转变,生态稳定性逐渐增强。

The eco-functions of ecological protection techniques of riverbank

The erosion of riverbank and the disappearance of riparian buffering strips are among the concerns in river ecosystem. This study investigated the application of three ecological slope protection techniques, including soil bioengineering, all-series vegetated protection, and combined biostabilization, at four demonstration sites of ecological rivers in Shanghai. In order to assess the ecological functions of the slope protection project, the ecological slope protection project at the demonstration site of Airport Town, was conducted continuous ecological monitoring from 2004 to 2006 after the reconstruction was finished. The results indicated that the pioneer species such as Salix suchowensis, Salix babylonica , Zoysia Sinica, are growing very well with strong root system and flourished branches, which help control soil erosion effectively. As an indicator of soil anti-erodibility, the soil strength and compaction of the subsurface soil with a mean deepness of 15 cm are going up and much more than the un-covered control slopes, which made the soil erosion mitigated sharply and the structural stability of riverbanks enhanced. Along with the riverbank being reinforced, the habitats of the riparian zone are under self-improvement and native plants have been in rapid restoration. The ecological stability of ecoriverbanks is being enhanced due to a high species diversity and complex plant community structure.