自噬与肿瘤关系的研究与进展

自噬是一个高度发达而且十分保守的生物学分解代谢过程。自噬与肿瘤的关系十分密切,在肿瘤发生发展的过程中,自噬活性的改变却是一把双刃剑。自噬,它既能够使肿瘤细胞耐受不同的应激条件而使其获得更好的生存,也可以通过各种信号途径减轻许多不良应激条件下的细胞损伤,如慢性炎症、慢性细胞死亡及基因组损伤等,从而而减少肿瘤的发生。再者,一方面,某些肿瘤的发生和发展过程中也同样依赖于自噬,并且肿瘤细胞可以利用自噬来对抗抗癌药物的一定的细胞毒性。而另一方面,有些癌症却需要利用自噬的作用来杀死肿瘤细胞。虽然自噬与肿瘤的关系是十分复杂的,也存在不少的分歧,但总的来说自噬在癌症中的作用是至关重要的。结合近年来国内外研究的发展,我们这篇综述重点讨论的是自噬在癌症中的作用,并且探讨其潜在的作用机制,以及目前自噬在癌症治疗中的应用。

Study and Progression of the Relationship between Autophagy and Tumor

Autophagy is a highly evolved and conserved biology catabolic process.There is a close relationship between autophagy and tumor,and the change of autophagy activity is an double-edged sword in the process of occurrence and development of tumor.Autophagy is able to make the tumor cells survival in stress condition,and also can reduced tumor through alleviate the stress various of cell damage（such as chronic inflammation,chronic cell death and genomic damage）.Furthermore,tumour cells can exploit autophagy to cope with the cytotoxicity of certain anticancer drugs.By contrast,certain therapeutics require the effective of autophagy to kill cancer cells.Although the relationships between autophagy and tumor are very complicated,and there are also lots of dichotomies.It is clear that autophagy has an very important role in cancer.This review mainly focuses on our understanding of the role that autophagy has in cancer and discusses the potential mechanisms of action,and also the current strategies for targeting autophagy for therapeutic gain.