肺癌早期诊断的研究进展

大多数肺癌患者在确诊时已属中晚期,5年生存率极低,早期诊断是改善其预后和提高生存率的关键。目前常用的肺癌早期诊断方法包括影像学、内镜和分子生物学技术等。除传统的X线胸片、磁共振（Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI）、正电子发射断层显像（Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography,PET-CT）等方法外,近年来逐步应用的高分辨CT（High-ResolutionComputed Tomography,HRCT）、低剂量CT（Low Dose Computed Tomography,LDCT）、自荧光纤维支气管镜（AutomaticFluorescence Bronchoscopy,AFB）、超声支气管内镜（Endo-Bronchial Ultra-Sound,EBUS）、荧光共聚焦显微镜支气管镜（FiberedConfocal Fluorescence Microscopy,FCFM）、细胞内镜（Endocytoscopy,EC）、电磁导航支气管镜（Electromagnetic NavigationBronchoscopy,ENB）、经支气管针吸活检术（Transbronchial Needle Aspiration,TBNA）、呼出气体分析和肿瘤标记物联合检测等,对于肺癌的早期诊断起到了重要作用,明显改善预后。本文就肺癌早期诊断的研究进展进行综述。

Progress in the Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

The patients who suffered from lung cancer have already developed to the middle or advanced stage when diagnosed and its 5-year survival rate is extremely low.The early diagnosis is the crucial point of improving the prognosis.Recently,the most frequently used methods include radiology,endoscopy and molecular biomarkers.In addition to traditional measures such as traditional chest radiography,magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）,positron emission tomography-computed tomography（PET-CT）,a lot of newly developed measures,like high-resolution computed tomography（HRCT）,low dose computed tomography（LDCT）,automatic fluorescence bronchoscopy（AFB）,endo-bronchial ultra-sound（EBUS）,fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy（FCFM）,endocytoscopy（EC）,electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy（ENB）,transbronchial needle aspiration（TBNA）,the analysis of volatile organic compound（VOCs） and the determination of tumor markers,also play an important role in early diagnosis and better prognosis.This article mainly focuses on the recent progress in early diagnosis of lung cancer.