Enhancing the performance of hazard indexes in assessing hot spots of harbour areas by considering hydrodynamic parameters |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil;2. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil;3. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, College of Geosciences, China Petroleum University, Beijing, 102249, China;2. UNBC, University of North British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada;3. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;4. Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, 120, 2 Research Drive, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 7H9, Canada;5. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;6. School of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China;1. Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil;2. Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Coastal Campus, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/n°, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, São Vicente, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia;1. Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;2. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;1. School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agronomy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;3. School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Abstract: | The hazard assessment strategies for harbour areas usually rely on tools able to predict environmental threats posed by contaminated sediments, mostly based on biological and chemical parameters and distinctly less on hydrological factors. Although ports are considered semi-enclosed and low-energy systems with scarce capacity to disperse contaminants to the open sea, the hydrological pattern established within the port basin cannot be neglected, especially when the localisation of hot spots is required for clean-up and remediation actions. In the present study we considered both approaches (biological/chemical and hydrological) for assessing hot spots of harbour areas. In particular, the relationship between the sediment hazard assessment c_NWAC (cumulative Normalized and Weighted Average Concentration) index (which is based on chemical and biological data) and a properly selected hydrodynamic parameter (the bottom shear stress) of the port area was investigated. This study demonstrates that marine currents influence significantly the fine-grained fraction distribution of the surficial sediments, and thus, the spatial and temporal variability of contaminant concentration. The evaluation of hydrodynamic parameters enhances the performance of hazard tools in the localization of areas of most concern and thus a detailed knowledge of the hydrodynamic features of the port seabed is advisable before defining a proper characterisation strategy for the harbour area. |
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| Keywords: | Hazard assessment indexes Hydrodynamic parameters Harbor sediment Cumulative contamination index Hot-spot identification |
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