Substantial functional diversity accompanies limited major histocompatibility complex class II variability in golden jackal (Canis aureus): A comparison between two wild Canis species in Croatia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia;1. Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. IRES EKOLOGIJA d.o.o., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 21, Zagreb, Croatia;4. Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;5. Genos Forensic DNA Laboratory, Planinska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;1. Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology, Ethology and Wildlife Management – Department of Life Sciences – University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;2. Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, University “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;3. Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akademicheskaya Street, 27, Minsk 220072, Belarus;2. LIEC—UMR 7360 CNRS, University of Lorraine, Metz, France;3. LISEC EA 2310, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Strasbourg, France;1. Department of Social Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;2. Department of Human Coexistence, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;3. Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy;4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;1. Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, PL-61614 Poznań, Poland;3. Département d’Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France |
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| Abstract: | The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is one of the less studied carnivores and research on its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variability is just at its early stages. MHC genes encode cell-surface receptors that serve to bind and present antigens to T cells, which is essential to initiating specific immunological responses in vertebrates. In this paper we present for the first time patterns of genetic diversity and natural selection on MHC class II DLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 loci in the golden jackal using samples from two geographically distinct regions in Croatia and further compare them to the values found in its congener grey wolf (Canis lupus). Diversity of golden jackals at all three loci was markedly lower than that of grey wolves (allelic richness values were 4, 2 and 3 in jackal versus 11.9, 6.6 and 10.2 in wolves for DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1, respectively) and can be attributed to a genetic drift rather than to the lack of historical positive selection. The finding of high evolutionary distances (16.3% for DRB1 and 8.5% for DQB1) and a substantial number of codons predicted to be under the influence of positive selection (11 for DRB1 and 9 for DQB1) suggests that the investigated golden jackal population still contains considerable functional diversity necessary for the presentation of varied foreign peptides. In contrast to neutral genetic variation, our results suggest that the Dalmatian population has a higher MHC diversity than the Slavonian population, casting doubt on its supposed isolation and calling for a more extensive investigation of the MHC variability of southern Balkan jackal populations. |
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| Keywords: | Golden jackal MHC DLA Croatia |
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