Application of solid surface fluorescence EEM spectroscopy for tracking organic matter quality of native halophyte and furrow-irrigated soils |
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| Institution: | 1. North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China;1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil;2. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil;3. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil;1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;2. Centre of Marine Sciences, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;3. Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Poland;4. Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Poland;5. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar;1. Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil;2. Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Coastal Campus, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/n°, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, São Vicente, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia;1. Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;2. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Solid surface fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) is developed a potential method to characterize soil organic matter (SOM). Solid surface EEM spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) is used to extract fluorescent components, to seek latent factors, and to investigate spatial distribution of SOM. Soil samples were collected from four native halophyte and two furrow-irrigated soil profiles, i.e. Comm. Salicornia europaea (CSE), Comm. Suaeda glauca (CSG), Comm. Kalidium cuspidatum (CKC), Comm. Sophora alopecuroides (CSA), corn fields (CFD), and wheat fields (WFD). SOM contained six fluorescent components: microbial/terrestrial fulvic-like fluorescent components (C1), tryptophan-like/lignin-derived phenol fluorescent components (C2), terrestrial humic-like fluorescent component (C3), lignin oxidative degradation by-products (C4 and C5), and amino acids (C6). The C 4 and C5 were the representative components of SOM within the CSE, CSG, CKC, CSA and CFD soil profiles, while the C2 and C6 were dominated within the WFD soil profile. The C4, C5, C1 and C2 were latent factors, and they could roughly distinguish SOM within the whole saline soil profiles except the CFD. A humification index (H/L) deduced from the fluorescent components, was very suitable to indicate humification levels of SOM. Humification levels of SOM within the halophyte soil profiles decreased with soil depth, but the opposite trends within the furrow-irrigated soil profiles. The H/L was closely correlated with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and humification levels increased with the decreasing ESP. Soil surface EEM may not only indicate organic matter fractions of saline soils, but may be transferred to other types of landscape. |
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| Keywords: | Solid surface EEM Parallel factor analysis Soil organic matter Native halophyte Furrow-irrigated |
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