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Temporal pooling of point transect data increases precision in density estimates of southern chamois

Institution:	2. Secció de Biodiversitat i Activitats Cinegètiques, Departament d’ Agricultura, Ramaderìa, Pesca i Alimentació, E- 08018, Barcelona, Spain;3. Servei d’Ecopatología de la Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;4. Reserva Nacional de Caça Freser-Setcases, Girona, Spain;5. CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal;1. Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal;2. Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;3. Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain;4. Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain;5. Direcció General de Medi Ambient i Biodiversitat, Depto. de Agricultura, Ramadería, Pesca i Alimentació, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;6. Reserva Nacional de Caça dels Ports de Tortosa i Beseit, Roquetes, Tarragona, Spain;7. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom;1. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, via Broken Hill, NSW 2880, Australia;3. Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;1. South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China;2. The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. Cetacean Ecology Lab, Cetacea Research Institute, Hong Kong;1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Bureau of Ecological Research Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;3. Veterinary Anatomy, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan;4. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;1. Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, United States;2. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico

Abstract:	Estimating animal abundances in small areas is a difficult task and because a limited number of observations often results in low-precision estimates whose inaccuracies may even be exacerbated if surveys are focussed on clustered populations and/or are only carried out once a year. In an attempt to overcome this problem, we used point transects to monthly survey two small areas of a game reserve to assess the density of Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica). The coefficient of variation associated with the density estimates after pooling observations by season was still high but decreased to reasonable values (<20%) when observations were over 29 chamois groups (clusters). Our results suggest that Distance Sampling may be a useful way of estimating the population density of mountain ungulates such as Pyrenean chamois in small rugged areas where only a small or moderate number of observations are to be expected.

Keywords:	Distance sampling Mountain ungulates Population monitoring Sampling effort
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