Dynamics of toxic genotypes of Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) through a wide freshwater to marine environmental gradient |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay;2. Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, CURE, Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay;3. Sección Limnología, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay;4. Polo de Desarrollo Universitario, Modelización y Análisis de Recursos Naturales, CURE, Rocha, Universidad de la República, Uruguay;1. Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A 6th Floor, Turku 20520, Finland;2. Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A 3rd Floor, Turku 20520, Finland;1. UMR 7245 MCAM CNRS-MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;2. UMR 9190 MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD Ifremer, CP 093, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;3. Genoscope, Centre national de séquençage, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5706, F-91057 Évry Cedex, France;4. UMR 7138ISYEB, Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, CP39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;1. Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;2. Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;3. College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 100012, China;4. College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Changchun 132013, China;5. US EPA ORD, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA;6. College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Hengduk-gu, Cheongju city, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;2. Centre for Water Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;3. School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;4. Gyeonggi-do Environmental Preservation Association, Republic of Korea;1. Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France;2. CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, BP 80026, Aubiere Cedex, F-63171, France;3. Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) and Mass Spectrometry Facility (UBP-START), BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 FRANCE;4. CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, F-63171 Aubiere, FRANCE |
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| Abstract: | Bloom-forming species belonging to Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) are the most commonly reported worldwide. MAC blooms are composed by toxic and non-toxic genotypes and the environmental conditions favouring the dominance of toxic genotypes are still a matter of debate among the scientific community. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of toxic MAC genotypes along a seasonal cycle and over an environmental gradient spanning 800 km, from a eutrophic freshwater reservoir in Río Uruguay to marine water in the outer limit of Río de la Plata. Abundance of four mcy genes, mcyB, mcyD, mcyE and mcyJ was determined by qPCR and used as a proxy of abundance of toxic MAC genotypes. All the mcy genes were detected through the seasonal cycle at all sampling sites, being systematically higher in the freshwater reservoir and decreasing towards the marine site. The highest toxic genotype abundance was found during the austral summer months. According to generalized linear regressions and random forest models, temperature and conductivity were the most relevant explanatory variables. This suggests that although toxic MAC genotypes grow optimally in freshwater, they are also able to tolerate the high-salinity and low temperature conditions found in estuarine and marine waters. This ability to resist harsh conditions impose a health risk and a management challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first report addressing several mcy genes in a broad gradient that includes a wide array of different environmental conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Cyanobacteria blooms Toxic genotypes qPCR |
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