Anatomy of the tongue and microstructure of the lingual papillae in the fallow deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland;2. Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland;3. Department of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland;4. Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Poland;1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23090, Mexico;2. Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, M5S 2C6, Canada;1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston- Salem, NC 27157, USA;2. Clinical Sciences, Medical Affairs, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., 100 Interpace Parkway, Parsippany, NJ 07054, USA;3. Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;1. Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7006, Trondheim, Norway;2. PCI Biotech AS, Ullernchauséen 64, 0379, Oslo, Norway;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway;1. Dermatology Service, Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco “Dr. José Barba Rubio”, Secretaría de Salud, Zapopan, Jalisco, México;2. Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Health Care Quality Control, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México;3. Dermatology Service, Jurisdicción Sanitaria No. 2, Secretaría de Salud de Baja California, California, México |
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| Abstract: | The function of mouth organs in ruminants is connected with the process of rumination. To study morphofunctional relations, microstructures in tongues of 4- to 5-year old adult fallow deer were examined using scanning electron microscopy.When analyzing the tongue of the fallow deer, i.e. a ruminant classified as an intermediate mixed feeder between grass and roughage eaters, two processes were taken into account: (i) foraging and forage selecting, and (ii) chewing the cud during rumination to reduce particle size and improve digestibility.Microstructural results show that the above mentioned processes in fallow deer are important selection factors, which in the anterior part of tongue led to the development of clusters of fungiform papillae connected with preselection of food as well as a specific pattern of filiform papillae promoting increased adhesion of transported food. Massive and flattened conical papillae on the torus are arranged according to sideways jaw movements and are co-localized with flattened fungiform papillae and two rows of vallate papillae. Such an arrangement of papillae on the lingual torus presumably facilities distribution of ruminated food, with simultaneous transferring of taste signals about masticated food particles. |
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| Keywords: | Tongue Lingual papillae Preselection of food Rumination Fallow deer |
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