Stature and long-term labor market outcomes: Evidence using Mendelian randomization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Turku School of Economics, Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland;2. Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland;3. School of Management, University of Tampere, Finland;4. Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;5. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;6. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland;7. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;1. Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;2. Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA;1. University of Paderborn, Germany;2. Technische Universität München, Germany;3. Saarland University, Germany;1. The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland;2. Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom;1. Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke''s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK;2. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;5. Medical Research Laboratories, The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |
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| Abstract: | We use the Young Finns Study (N = ∼2000) on the measured height linked to register-based long-term labor market outcomes. The data contain six age cohorts (ages 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18, in 1980) with the average age of 31.7, in 2001, and with the female share of 54.7. We find that taller people earn higher earnings according to the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation. The OLS models show that 10 cm of extra height is associated with 13% higher earnings. We use Mendelian randomization, with the genetic score as an instrumental variable (IV) for height to account for potential confounders that are related to socioeconomic background, early life conditions and parental investments, which are otherwise very difficult to fully account for when using covariates in observational studies. The IV point estimate is much lower and not statistically significant, suggesting that the OLS estimation provides an upward biased estimate for the height premium. Our results show the potential value of using genetic information to gain new insights into the determinants of long-term labor market success. |
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| Keywords: | Height Stature Height premium Earnings Employment |
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