A spatial explicit agent based model approach to evaluate the performance of different monitoring options for mortality estimates in the scope of onshore windfarm impact assessments |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911, Vila Real, Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal;2. Centro Ciência Viva de Guimarães, Rua da Ramada, 166, 4810-445, Guimarães, Portugal;3. Biosfera, Environmental Consulting, C / Candamo No. 5-33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;4. MORINHALAB, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics, Rua Dr. José Figueiredo, Lote L-2, Lj B5, 5000-562, Vila Real, Portugal;5. Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-911, Vila Real, Portugal;6. Fluvial Ecology Laboratory, CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911, Vila Real, Portugal;1. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Department of Civil Engineering, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Brazil;2. University of Minho, Department of Civil Engineering, 4800-048 Guimarães, Portugal;1. Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;2. CSIRO, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia;3. OSUR, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, University Rennes1, Ave. Gal. Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France;1. School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agronomy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;3. School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;2. Centre of Marine Sciences, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;3. Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Poland;4. Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Poland;5. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar |
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| Abstract: | Despite the environmental benefits associated with wind energy, studies have confirmed the occurrence of significant levels of bat and bird fatalities at windfarms, which raise concerns about the long-term effects of these infra-structures on these populations. Reliable estimates of windfarm fatalities are fundamental for accurate environmental assessment studies and supporting management actions. A spatially explicit agent-based model (ABM) was developed to investigate how searcher “controlled” variables, i.e., different field monitoring protocols, monitoring periods and periodicities influence the success of carcasses detection in field trials and estimator accuracy. Different rates of bat mortality due to collision, scavenger pressures and habitat complexity were simulated in order to reproduce variable conditions that might take place at onshore wind facilities. Based on our findings we propose a reduction in the monitoring periods and a shortening in the periodicity of searches in order to reduce bias in the estimations and increase the confidence limits of impact assessments associated with mortality estimates at onshore windfarms. |
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| Keywords: | Windfarms Agent-based modelling Bats Birds Mortality estimators |
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