An environmental sustainability assessment of China’s cement industry based on emergy |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China;2. Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China;3. College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China;1. Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;2. Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;1. Cátedra de Cerealicultura, IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires 1417DSE, Argentina;2. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Rafaela, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe, Argentina;1. Key Lab of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;4. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan;1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;2. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250100, China;3. School of Architecture & Built Environment, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China |
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| Abstract: | As one of important building materials, the sustainability of cement production is widely concerned in the world. This research evaluated the sustainability of China’s cement industry in 2010 using emergy analysis. Several emergy based indicators were adopted to describe the comprehensive performance of this system from different angles, including Percentage of renewability (%R), Unit emergy value (UEV), Emergy yield ratio (EYR), Emergy exchange ratio (EER), Environmental load ratio (ELR) and Emergy sustainable index (ESI). The research results show that (1) Mineral resources have absolute contribution to China’s cement production; (2) Coal is the main energy source for China’s cement industry; (3) China’s cement industry has relatively weak competition ability due to relatively high ratio of purchased inputs; (4) China’s other industries have benefited greatly from this industry by exchanges; (5) China’s cement industry cannot keep sustainable in the long run due to its high environmental load; (6) the UEV of Chinese cement in 2010 is 3.64E15 sej/t (based on the emergy baseline 15.83E24 sej/yr). Finally, the related policy implications are proposed from four aspects, including (1) Accelerating the adjustment of process structure and technical innovation; (2) Promoting the substitution of raw materials or fuels; (3) Raising the price of cement products; (4) Decreasing the export of cement products. |
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| Keywords: | China’s cement industry Emergy analysis Resource efficiency Environmental load Comprehensive performance |
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