European farm scale habitat descriptors for the evaluation of biodiversity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich 8046, Switzerland;2. University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, Vienna 1180, Austria;3. Arche Noah Seed Archive, Obere Strasse 40, Schiltern 3553, Austria;4. Alterra, Wageningen UR, Droevedaalse steeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands;5. Institute of Environmental & Landscape Management, Szent Istvan University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllö 2100, Hungary;6. Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreuzwaldi 5, Tartu 51041, Estonia;7. Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, United Kingdom;8. Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Le Sambuc, Arles 13200, France;9. Department of Biology, Padova University, via U. Bassi 58/b, Padova 35121, Italy;10. Forestry School, University of Extremadura, Av. Virgen del Puerto 2, Plasencia 10600, Spain;11. UMR 1201 Dynafor, INRA, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France;12. Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K. Malkov, Sadovo 4122, Bulgaria;13. Centre of Life and Food Science, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 12, Freising 85354, Germany;14. Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, Ås 1431, Norway;1. EA 7316 Biodiversité et Gestion des Territoires, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, et Service du Patrimoine Naturel, MNHN, Paris, France;2. Unité Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 7208), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, 43 Rue Cuvier, CP26, 75005 Paris, France;3. MNHN – Station Marine de Dinard, Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement Sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), 38 Rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France;4. LEMAR, UMR CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France;1. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Večna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK;2. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK;3. Field View, School Road, Marshland St James, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire PE14 8JR, UK;4. Midfield Ecology Ltd, 60 Midfield Road, Humberston, Grimsby DN36 4TH, UK;1. Aquila Conservation & Environment Consulting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;2. Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada;3. S&T Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada;4. Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada;1. Münster University, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Heisenbergstraße2, 48149 Münster, Germany;2. University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland;3. University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Systematics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;4. University of Ulm, Institute of Experimental Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Habitat descriptors are cost effective biodiversity indicators demanded by stakeholders and required for regional and global biodiversity monitoring. We mapped 195 farms of different types in twelve case study regions across Europe and tested 18 habitat descriptors for scientific validity, information content and ease of interpretation. We propose a core set consisting of (i) four descriptors to measure structural composition and configuration of farms (Habitat Richness, Habitat Diversity, Patch Size, and Linear Habitats), (ii) three descriptors addressing specific habitat types (Crop Richness, Shrub Habitats, and Tree Habitats) and (iii) one interpreted descriptor (Semi-Natural Habitats). As a set, the descriptors make it possible to evaluate the habitat status of a farm and to track changes occurring due to modified land use and/or management, including agri-environmental measures. The farm habitat maps can provide ground truth information for regional and global biodiversity monitoring. |
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| Keywords: | Agricultural biodiversity Agri-environment scheme Ecological focus area Essential biodiversity variables Landscape diversity Habitat map Monitoring Policy evaluation |
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