Integrating the third dimension into the concept of urban ecosystem services: A review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, Berlin 12557, Germany;2. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;3. School of Architecture, Birmingham City University, The Parkside Building, 5 Cardigan Street, Birmingham B4-7BD, UK;1. Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, Berlin 12557, Germany;2. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;3. School of Architecture, Birmingham City University, The Parkside Building, 5 Cardigan Street, Birmingham B4-7BD, UK;1. Faculty of Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK;2. School of Architecture, Birmingham City University, 5 Cardigan Street, Birmingham B4 7BD, UK;3. Department of Geography (Landscape Ecology), Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany;4. University of Bayreuth, Institute of Sport Science (Sports Ecology), Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany;1. School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. The Institute of International Education, Wuhan University of Textile, Wuhan 430073, China;3. Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;4. Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;1. Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Humboldt University, Berlin;2. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School, New York, NY, USA;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, 510275, Guangzhou, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, 510275, Guangzhou, China;1. School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan;3. School of Architecture SouthEast University Nanjing 210000;4. Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning & Design Institute, Beijing 100085, China;1. Leibniz-Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working Group ‘Governance of Ecosystem Services’, Research Area 2 ‘Land Use and Governance’, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany;2. University for Sustainable Development Eberswalde (HNEE), Department of Sustainable Forest Resource Economics, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The spatial configuration of urban environments and its impact on local and global ecological functions were the subject of recent urban ecosystem service (UES) research projects. The outcomes of these projects with respect to the data they used, however, mainly consisted of two dimensions (2D). Studies that assess aspects of the third dimension (3D) of UES – such as height, volume and shadowing effects – were absent. The objective of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the local ecological functions based on knowledge of three-dimensional UES. 298 articles were selected for in-depth critical analyses. The technical and computational approaches for extracting urban 3D structures and 3D structures of vegetation were the focus of the reviewed literature. Authors’ affiliations would be a better indicator for assessing the spatial distribution of articles. Uneven distribution of knowledge among countries is related to the technical and scientific advancement of countries. There was a shift in the sub-theme of reviewed publications discussing the concept of ecosystem services in the first few years, while later researchers’ interests moved towards UES and adaptation of cities to the changing climate. Further studies should progress in the development of both 3D data and results. Implementing 3D data and results helps to better understand the coupling of humans and their environs. It will be then a critically important step toward developing ecologically friendly cities. |
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| Keywords: | Third dimension Cities Urban ecosystem services Review |
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